Everything you need to know about how your body processes energy.
The Mifflin-St Jeor Equation
Considered the gold standard by modern dietitians. It calculates your base metabolic needs using your weight, height, age, and gender more accurately than older formulas.
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
The number of calories your body burns purely to keep you alive. Think breathing, pumping blood, and repairing cells. It accounts for roughly sixty to seventy percent of your daily burn.
Total Daily Energy Expenditure
Your BMR multiplied by your daily movement. It factors in brushing your teeth, walking to your car, and intense workouts. This is your true maintenance calorie level.
The Safe 500 Calorie Rule
Subtracting 500 calories from your TDEE creates a deficit that yields roughly one pound of fat loss per week. It is aggressive enough to see results but safe enough to preserve muscle.
Caloric Deficit Explained
Weight loss is fundamentally physics. You must consume less energy than your body expends. Without a deficit, no amount of clean eating will cause the scale to drop.
Caloric Surplus Explained
To build muscle, you need extra building blocks. Eating 300 to 500 calories above your TDEE provides the energy required for muscle synthesis without excessive fat gain.
Muscle Burns More Calories
A pound of muscle requires more energy to maintain than a pound of fat. As you build muscle through resistance training, your BMR naturally increases over time.
The Starvation Mode Myth
While extreme deficits slow your metabolism slightly, true starvation mode is rare. However, severe restriction causes muscle loss and hormonal crashes that make dieting miserable.
Protein's Thermic Effect
Your body burns roughly twenty to thirty percent of the protein calories you eat just to digest them. Eating high protein naturally boosts your daily calorie expenditure slightly.
Hidden Liquid Calories
Sodas, fancy coffees, and juices contain hundreds of easily overlooked calories. Liquid calories do not trigger fullness signals in the brain the same way solid food does.
Metabolic Adaptation
As you lose weight, a smaller body requires less energy. Your TDEE will gradually drop, meaning you must either eat slightly less or move slightly more to keep losing weight.
NEAT: Invisible Calorie Burn
Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis includes fidgeting, standing, and gesturing. It can vary by hundreds of calories between two people of the exact same size.
Hormonal Weight Regulation
Hormones like leptin and ghrelin control hunger. Chronic dieting lowers leptin, making you hungrier. Recalculating calories during diet breaks helps reset these signals.
Sleep and Fat Loss
Sleep deprivation spikes cortisol and insulin resistance, making your body store fat more easily. Poor sleep can silently erase the benefits of a strict diet.
Tracking Beats Guessing
Studies show people drastically underestimate how much they eat. Using a calculator to find your target and tracking your food is the most reliable way to reach your physique goals.